Irish Prime Minister Leo Varadkar conceded defeat Saturday as two constitutional amendments he supported that would have broadened the definition of family and removed language about a woman’s role in the home were headed toward rejection in early vote tallies from two referendums.
Varadkar, who pushed the vote to enshrine gender equality in the country’s constitution by removing “very old-fashioned language” and trying to recognize the realities of modern family life, said voters had delivered “two wallops” to the government.
“Clearly we got it wrong,” he said of the referendums held on Friday, which was International Women’s Day. “While the old adage is that success has many fathers and failure is an orphan, I think when you lose by this kind of margin, there are a lot of people who got this wrong, and I am certainly one of them.”
Opponents argued that the wording of the changes was poorly thought out — an argument that appeared to have gained traction in the final days of the campaign. Voters said they were confused by the questions and others said they feared changes would lead to unintended consequences.
A changing Ireland
The referendums were viewed as part of Ireland’s evolution from a conservative, overwhelmingly Roman Catholic country in which divorce and abortion were illegal, to an increasingly diverse and socially liberal society. The proportion of residents who are Catholic fell from 94.9 per cent in 1961 to 69 per cent in 2022, according to the Central Statistics Office.
The social transformation has been reflected in a series of changes to Ireland’s Constitution, which dates from 1937, though the country was not formally known as the Republic of Ireland until 1949. Irish voters legalized divorce in a 1995 referendum, backed same-sex marriage in a 2015 vote and repealed a ban on abortions in 2018.
The first question dealt with a part of the constitution that pledges to protect the family as the primary unit of society. Voters were asked to remove a reference to marriage as the basis “on which the family is founded” and replace it with a clause that said families can be founded “on marriage or on other durable relationships.” If passed, it would have been the constitution’s 39th amendment.
A proposed 40th amendment would have removed a reference that a woman’s place in the home offered a common good that could not be provided by the state and deleted a statement that said mothers shouldn’t be obligated to work out of economic necessity if it would neglect their duties at home.
It would have added a clause saying the state will strive to support “the provision of care by members of a family to one another.”
Varadkar said his camp hadn’t convinced people of the need for the vote, never mind issues over how the questions were worded. Supporters and opponents of the amendments said the government had failed to explain why change was necessary or mount a robust campaign.
Government ‘misjudged the mood’: senator
“The government misjudged the mood of the electorate and put before them proposals which they didn’t explain and proposals which could have serious consequences,” Sen. Michael McDowell, an Independent who opposed both measures, told Irish broadcaster RTE.
Labour Party Leader Ivana Bacik told RTE that she supported the measures despite concerns over their wording but said the government had run a lacklustre campaign.
The debate was less charged than the arguments over abortion and gay marriage. Ireland’s main political parties all supported the changes, including centrist government coalition partners Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael and the biggest opposition party, Sinn Fein.
One political party that called for “no” votes was Aontú, a traditionalist group that split from Sinn Fein over the larger party’s backing for legal abortion. Peadar Tóibín, the leader of Aontú, said the government’s wording was so vague it would lead to legal wrangles, and most people “do not know what the meaning of a durable relationship is.”
The Free Legal Advice Centres, a legal charity, expressed concern that the change to the section on care contained “harmful stereotypes such as the concept that the provision of care … is the private responsibility of unpaid family members without any guarantee of state support.”
Some disability rights campaigners argued the emphasis on care treats disabled people as a burden, rather than as individuals with rights that should be guaranteed by the state.
Opinion polls had suggested support for the “yes” side on both votes, but many voters remained undecided as Friday’s polling neared.
